The culture of Tajikistan is an elegant and calm Eastern worldview. At all times, Tajiks have been committed to creation and creativity, science and enlightenment, revered independence and good-neighborly existence, preserving pride like mountain peaks and perseverance.

The history of the Tajik people goes back centuries, to the beginning of human civilization. The oldest finds found on the territory of modern Tajikistan confirm this. The opening of the first Stone Age monuments in 1956. it was a kind of sensation. 60 sites with finds of stone tools were recorded on the territory of the country. In the found sites located at an altitude of 4200 meters above sea level, in remote areas of the highlands, more than 10 thousand stone products have been excavated. They are represented by large tools such as scrapers, scrapers, excavated tools, which preserve Paleolithic traditions in processing. The age of open Stone Age monuments refers mainly to the VIII-V millennia BC. Rock carvings — petroglyphs, figures of animals, people or whole compositions carved on rocks or individual stones, represent a separate, very specific area of archaeological research in Tajikistan and more than 10 thousand drawings on rocks have been discovered to date. The mountains and valleys of Tajikistan, the peoples who lived on its territory, are mentioned in the ancient sources of the ancient authors Pliny and Ptolemy. The Venetian traveler Marco Polo wrote about his travels to the Pamirs.

The most significant of the preserved architectural monuments of culture of Tajikistan are the mausoleums of the XI — XIV centuries. located in the village of Sayat, in the village of Mazari-Sherif, the monuments of the Hissar Valley, the mosque in Ur-Tube (XV century). The presence of mosques, evidence of the professed religion — Islam. On the eve of the Arab conquests (at the beginning of the VII century AD), the main religious cults were Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, Buddhism and Hinduism. However, all the cults mentioned above were gradually replaced by Islam.

At the beginning of the IX century, tendencies towards national self-determination of the people began to manifest themselves, the first Tajik state formations appeared, the largest of which was the Samanid State with its capital in the city of Bukhara, the founder of which was Ismoili Somoni from the Samanid dynasty. Documentary evidence left by travelers and scientists who visited the Samanid State speaks about the structure of state administration that was ahead of its time.

Tajiks have made a significant contribution to the spiritual treasury of civilization, have given the world outstanding and remarkable scientists, philosophers, writers, poets and architects, whose works have become an integral part of the scientific and cultural baggage accumulated by world civilization. Examples of this are the lyrics of the founder of Persian-Tajik literature Abuabdullo Rudaki, the immortal national epic poem «Shahnameh» by Abdulkosim Firdavsi, which absorbed the legendary history of the Persians and Tajiks, and the «Canon of Medical Science» by Abuali Ibn Sino (Avicenna) treatise, which for many centuries served as the main guide to medicine in European educational institutions. Scientists Al-Khorazmi, Al-Forobi and Aburaykhon Beruni, such (according to Goethe) stars of the first magnitude in the firmament of world poetry as Khayyam, Rumi, Saadi, Hafiz, Jami, masters of artistic creativity Borbad, Mani, Behzod were known far beyond the ancient Sogd, Khorasan and Movarounnahr (Two Rivers) — the main territory of modern Central Asia.

Since ancient times, the territory of Tajikistan has lain on the important historical routes of the Great Silk Road connecting East and West. It occupied an important place in international trade and cultural exchange, linking since ancient times the possessions of Bactria — Takharistan (Chaganian, Shumon, Ahorun, Kubodien, Vakhsh, Khutal, Rasht, Komed, Darvoz, Vanj, Rushan and Vakhan), Sogda, Istaravshan (Ustrushany) and Ferghana with India, Afghanistan and China. The Great Silk Road became not only an exchange of goods between East and West, but also ideas, cultures and people. As a result, a certain cultural community has emerged, an amazing fusion in which both «Western» and «eastern» features manifest themselves with varying degrees of intensity. Throughout the Great Silk Road, for example, weapons made by Sogdian craftsmen were famous. It is a well-known fact that the rulers of Sogd in 718 presented China with chain mail, which local gunsmiths took as a model and distributed in the Chinese army. Sogdian leather goods and jewelry, silk fabrics and colored salt enjoyed an excellent reputation. «Golden peaches», white and yellow cherries, sheep and graceful fleet-footed horses that amazed foreigners were exported from Sogd.

Aini became the successor of the traditions and at the same time the founder of the new Tajik literature, highlighting various aspects of the history, social, political, cultural and literary life of his people. It is impossible to imagine the modern cultural life of Tajikistan at the State Opera and Ballet Theater named after him. Aini, Tajik Drama Theater named after Lahuti, Russian Drama Theater, Academy of Sciences, state universities, historical museums, fine arts museums, botanical gardens, and other cultural institutions.